Temperature sensors work by measuring the change in resistance or voltage caused by changes in temperature. They can be classified into different types, including thermocouples, thermistors, RTDs (resistance temperature detectors), and infrared sensors. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application.

Humidity sensors measure the amount of moisture in the air or a gas. They can be classified into different types, including capacitive sensors, resistive sensors, and thermal conductivity sensors. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application.

Calibration is an essential part of maintaining the accuracy of temperature and humidity sensors. Calibration involves comparing the sensor readings to a known reference source, typically a calibrated thermometer or a standard humidity generator. The calibration process ensures that the sensors are measuring accurately, providing reliable data for various applications.

Regular calibration of temperature and humidity sensors is necessary to ensure accurate measurements, as the accuracy of the sensors can drift over time due to various factors such as aging, mechanical shock, and exposure to extreme conditions. The frequency of calibration depends on the industry and application, but as a general rule, sensors should be calibrated at least once a year.